References 

 

Evolution  |Phylogeny |Genetics | Anatomy | Locomotion | Reproduction | Movements | Diet | Parasites | Biotoxins | Fisheries | Sunfish on Display | Sunfish and Society

Evolution

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  • Bannikov, A.F., J.C. Tyler, D. Arcila and G. Carnevale. 2017. A new family of gymnodont fish (Tetraodontiformes) from the earliest Eocene of the Peri-Tethys (Kabardino-Balkaria, northern Caucasus, Russia). J. Syst. Palaeont. 15: 129‒146.
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  • Carnevale, G. and S.J. Godfrey. 2018. Miocene bony fishes from the Calvert, Choptank, St. Marys and Eastover Formations, Chesapeake Group, Maryland and Virginia. Smithson. Contrib. Paleobio. 100: 161‒212.
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  • Grunert, P., M. Harzhauser, F. Rögl, R. Sachsenhofer, R. Gratzer, A. Soliman et al. 2010. Oceanographic conditions as a trigger for the formation of an Early Miocene (Aquitanian) Konservat-Lagerstätte in the Central Paratethys Sea. Palaeo., Palaeo., Palaeo. 292: 425‒442.
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  • Gudger, E.W. 1937a. The natural history and geographical distribution of the pointed-tailed ocean sunfish (Masturus lanceolatus), with notes on the shape of the tail. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1937: 353‒396.
  • Gudger, E.W. 1937b. The structure and development of the pointed tail of the ocean sunfish, Masturus lanceolatus. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 19: 1‒46.
  • Hakel, M. and J.D. Stewart. 2002. First fossil Molidae (Actinopterygii: Tetraodontiformes) in western North America. J. Vert. Paleont. 22(Suppl.): 62A.
  • Johnson, G.D. and R. Britz. 2005. Leis’ Conundrum: Homology of the clavus of the ocean sunfishes. 2. Ontogeny of the median fins and axial skeleton of Ranzania laevis (Teleostei, Tetraodontiformes, Molidae). J. Morphol. 266: 11‒21.
  • Katayama, E. and K. Matsuura. 2016. Fine structure of scales of ocean sunfishes (Actinopterygii, Tetraodontiformes, Molidae): Another morphological character supporting phylogenetic relationships of the molid genera. Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. A 42: 95‒98.
  • King, C. 2016. A revised correlation of Tertiary rocks in the British Isles and adjacent area of NW Europe. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Rep. 27: 1‒724.
  • Lambert, O. and S. Louwye. 2006. Archaeoziphius microglenoideus, a new primitive beaked whale (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti) from the Middle Miocene of Belgium. J. Vert. Paleont. 26: 182‒191.
  • Lauder, G.V. and K.F. Liem. 1983. The evolution and interrelationships of the actinopterygian fishes. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 150: 95‒197.
  • Leriche, M. 1907. Révision de la faune ichthyologique des terrains néogènes du bassin du Rhône. pp. 335‒352. In: Association française pour l’avancement des sciences, fuisonnée avec l’association scientifique de France. Compte Rendu de la 35eme session, Lyon 1906, Notes et Mémoires. Lyon, France.
  • Leriche, M. 1926. Les Poissons Néogènes de la Belgique. Mem. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. 32: 367‒472.
  • Norris, R.D. 2000. Pelagic species diversity, biogeography, and evolution. Paleobiology 26: 236‒258.
  • Norris, R.D., S. Kirtland Turner, P.M. Hull and A. Ridgwell. 2013. Marine ecosystem responses to Cenozoic global change. Science 341: 492‒498.
  • Nyegaard, M., E. Sawai, N. Gemmell, J. Gillum, N.R. Loneragan, Y. Yamanoue et al. 2018. Hiding in broad daylight: molecular and morphological data reveal a new sunfish species (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) that has eluded recognition. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 182: 631‒658.
  • Parenti, P. 2003. Family Molidae Bonaparte 1832—molas or ocean sunfishes. Calif. Acad. Sci. Annotated Checklists of Fishes 18: 1‒9.
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  • Porcasi, J.F. and S.L. Andrews. 2001. Evidence for a prehistoric Mola mola fishery on the southern California Coast. J. Calif. Great Basin Anthrop. 23: 51–66.
  • Purdy, R.W., V.P. Schneider, S.P. Applegate, J.H. McLellan, R.L. Meyer and B.H. Slaughter. 2001. The Neogene sharks, rays, and bony fishes from Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina. Smithson. Contrib. Paleobiol. 90: 71‒202.
  • Raven, H.C. 1939a. Notes on the anatomy of Ranzania truncata. A plectognath fish. Am. Mus. Novit. 1038: 1‒7.
  • Raven, H.C. 1939b. On the anatomy and evolution of the locomotor apparatus of the nipple-tailed ocean sunfish (Masturus lanceolatus). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 76: 143‒150.
  • Regan, C.T. 1903. On the classification of the fishes of the Suborder Plectognathi; with notes and descriptions of new species from specimens in the British Museum collection. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1902: 284‒303.
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  • Santini, F. and J.C. Tyler. 2002. Phylogeny of the ocean sunfishes (Molidae, Tetraodontiformes), a highly derived group of teleost fishes. Ital. J. Zool. 69: 37‒43.
  • Santini, F. and J.C. Tyler. 2003. A phylogeny of the families of fossil and extant tetraodontiform fishes (Acanthomorpha, Tetraodontiformes), Upper Cretaceous to Recent. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 139: 565‒617.
  • Santini, F., G. Carnevale and L. Sorenson. 2013a. First molecular scombrid timetree (Scombridae, Percomorpha) shows recent radiation of tunas following invasion of pelagic habitats. Ital. J. Zool. 80: 210‒221.
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Phylogeny

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  • Liénard, E. 1841. Description d’une nouvelle espèce du genre mole (Orthagoriscus, Schn.) découverte à l’île Maurice et nommée Orthagoriscus lanceolatus. Mag. Zool. (Ser. 2). 3: 1–8, poissons pl. 4.
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  • Nyegaard, M., N. Loneragan, S. Hall, J. Andrew, E. Sawai and M. Nyegaard. 2018a. Giant jelly eaters on the line: Species distribution and bycatch of three dominant sunfishes in the Southwest Pacific. Estuar., Coast. Shelf Sci. 207: 1–15.
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  • Phillips, N.D., L. Kubicek, N.L. Payne, C. Harrod, L.E. Eagling, C.D. Carson et al. 2018. Isometric growth in the world’s largest bony fishes (genus Mola)? Morphological insights from fisheries bycatch data. J. Morphol. 279: 1312–1320.
  • Purushottama, G., B. Anulekshmi, C. Ramkumar, S. Thakurdas and B. Mhadgut. 2014. A rare occurrence and biology of the slender sunfish, Ranzania laevis (Actinopterygii: Tetraodontiformes: Molidae), in the coastal waters of Mumbai, north-west coast of India. Indian J. Geo-Mar. Sci. 43: 1554–1559.
  • Randall, J.E., R.F. Myers and R. Winterbottom. 2002. Melichthys indicus x. vidua, a hybrid triggerfish (Tetraodontiformes: Balistidae) from Indonesia. Aqua J. Ichthyol. Aquat. Biol. 5: 77–80.
  • Ranzani, C. 1839. Dispositio familiae Molarum in genera et in species. Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Inst. Bonon. 3: 63–82, pl 6, foldout table.
  • Risso, A. 1827. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l’Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes. Tome troisième. F. G. Levrault, Paris, France.
  • Romanov, E.V., A. Sharp and P. Bach. 2014. Amputation of a major propulsor would not be an insuperable obstacle for survivorship of the slender sunfish Ranzania laevis (Molidae:Tetraodontiformes). Mar. Biod. Rec. 7: e20. DOI 10.1017/S1755267214000232.
  • Salviani, I. 1554. Aquatilium animalium historiae, liber primus, cum eorumdem formis, aere excusis. Hippolytum Salvianum, Romae, Italy.
  • Sagara, K., Y. Yoshita, M. Nishibori, H. Kuniyoshi, T. Umino, Y. Sakai et al. 2005. Coexistence of two clades of the ocean sunfish Mola mola (Molidae) around the Japan coast. Jpn. J. Ichthyol. 52: 35–39.
  • Santini, F. and J.C. Tyler. 2002. Phylogeny of the ocean sunfishes (Molidae, Tetraodontiformes), a highly derived group of teleost fishes. Ital. J. Zool. 69: 37–43.
  • Sawai, E., Y. Yamanoue, Y. Sakai and H. Hashimoto. 2009. On the abnormally morphological forms in Mola sunfish (Mola spp. A and B) taken from Japanese coastal waters. J. Grad. Sch. Biosp. Sci. Hiroshima Univ. 48: 9–17.
  • Sawai, E. 2016. Morphological identifications of preserved specimens of Mola in the Kagoshima University Museum. Nat. Kagoshima 42: 343–347.
  • Sawai, E. 2017. The mystery of ocean sunfishes [Manbou no Himitsu]. Iwanami Shoten Publishers, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Sawai, E., Y. Yamanoue, L. Jawad, J. Al-Mamry and Y. Sakai. 2017. Molecular and morphological identification of Mola sunfish specimens (Actinopterygii: Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) from the Indian Ocean. Species Divers. 22: 99–104.
  • Sawai, E. and M. Yamada. 2018. A little knowledge about morphology of young Ranzania laevis (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) from off the Kagoshima mainland, southern Japan. Nat. Kagoshima 44: 5–8.
  • Sawai, E., Y. Yamanoue, M. Nyegaard and Y. Sakai. 2018a. Redescription of the bump-head sunfish Mola alexandrini (Ranzani 1839), senior synonym of Mola ramsayi (Giglioli 1883), with designation of a neotype for Mola mola (Linnaeus 1758) (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae). Ichthyol. Res. 65: 142–160.
  • Sawai, E., Y. Yamanoue, T. Sonoyama, K. Ogimoto and M. Nyegaard. 2018b. A new record of the bump-head sunfish Mola alexandrini (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) from Yamaguchi Prefecture, western Honshu, Japan. Biogeography 20: 51–54.
  • Sawai, E. 2019. Rearing and research of ocean sunfishes in aquariums in Japan [Manbou wa ue wo muite nemuru no ka]. Poplar Publishing, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Sawai, E., H. Senou and T. Takeshima. 2019. A mounted specimen of Mola alexandrini (Ranzani, 1839) exhibited in the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History. Bull. Kanagawa Prefect. Mus. (Nat. Sci.). 48: 37–42.
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  • Streelman, J.T., C. Puchulutegui, A.L. Bass, T. Thys, H. Dewar and S.A. Karl. 2003. Microsatellites from the world’s heaviest bony fish, the giant Mola mola. Mol. Ecol. Notes. 3: 247–249.
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  • Thys, T.M., M. Nyegaard, J.L. Whitney, J.P. Ryan, I. Potter, T. Nakatsubo et al. 2020b. Ocean sunfish larvae: detections, identification and predation. pp. 105–128. In: T.M. Thys, G.C. Hays and J.D.R Houghton [eds.]. The Ocean Sunfishes: Evolution, Biology and Conservation, CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL, USA.
  • Tortonese, E. 1990. Molidae. pp. 1077–1079. In: J.C. Quéro, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha [eds.]. Check-list of the Fishes of the Eastern Tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). Vol 2. JNICT, Lisbon, Portugal; SEI, Paris, France; and UNESCO, Paris, France.
  • Tyler, J.C. 1980. Osteology, phylogeny, and higher classification of the fishes of the order Plectognathi (Tetraodontiformes). NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. 434: 1–422.
  • Van der Laan, R., W.N. Eschmeyer and R. Fricke. 2014. Family-group names of recent fishes. Zootaxa. 3882: 1–230.
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  • Watson, W. 1996. Molidae: Molas. pp. 1439–1441. In: H.G. Moser [ed.]. The Early Stages of Fishes in the California Current Region. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) Atlas No. 33. South West Fisheries Centre, La Jolla, California, USA.
  • Wirtz, P. and M. Biscoito. 2019. The distribution of Mola alexandrini in the subtropical Eastern Atlantic, with a note on Mola mola. Bocagiana. 245: 1–6.
  • Yamamoto, K. 2008. Thamnaconus hypargyreus × T. modestus hybrids (Monacanthidae) collected from the East China Sea. Jpn. J. Ichthyol. 55: 17–26.
  • Yamanoue, Y., M. Miya, K. Matsuura, M. Katoh, H. Sakai and M. Nishida. 2004. Mitochondrial genomes and phylogeny of the ocean sunfishes (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae). Ichthyol. Res. 51: 269–273.
  • Yamanoue, Y., K. Mabuchi, E. Sawai, Y. Sakai, H. Hashimoto and M. Nishida. 2010. Multiplex PCR-based genotyping of mitochondrial DNA from two species of ocean sunfish from the genus Mola (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) found in Japanese waters. Jpn. J. Ichthyol. 57: 27–34.
  • Yoshita, Y., Y. Yamanoue, K. Sagara, M. Nishibori, H. Kuniyoshi, T. Umino et al. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships of two Mola sunfishes (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) occurring around the coasts of Japan, with notes on their geographical distribution and morphological characteristics. Ichthyol. Res. 56: 232–244.

 

Genetics

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  • Boore, J.L. 1999. Animal mitochondrial genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 27(8): 1767–1780. doi: 10.1093/nar/27.8.1767.
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  • Hays, G.C., J.D.R. Houghton, T.M. Thys, D.H. Adams, A.E. Ahuir-Baraja, J. Alvarez et al. 2020. Unresolved questions about the ocean sunfishes, Molidae—a family comprising some of the world’s largest teleosts. pp. 280–296. In: T.M. Thys, G.C. Hays and J.D.R. Houghton [eds.]. The Ocean Sunfishes: Evolution, Biology and Conservation, CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL, USA.
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  • Landi, M., M. Dimech, M. Arculeo, G. Biondo, R. Martins, M. Carneiro et al. 2014. DNA Barcoding for Species Assignment: The Case of Mediterranean Marine Fishes. PloS One 9: e106135. doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0106135.
  • Leachman, S. 2019. Hoodwinked: rare hoodwinker sunfish, never before seen in Northern Hemisphere, washes up at Coal Oil Point Reserve. The Current.
  • Lenormand, T. 2002. Gene flow and the limits to natural selection. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17(4): 183–189.
  • Linnaeus, C. 1751. Philosophia Botanica. Stockholm & Amsterdam.
  • Matsuura, K. 2015. Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes: a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014. Ichthyol. Res. 62(1): 72–113. doi: 10.1007/s10228-014-0444-5.
  • McCord, C.L. and M.W. Westneat. 2016. Phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of BMP4 in triggerfishes and filefishes (Balistoidea). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 94: 397–409. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.09.014.
  • Miya, M., Y. Sato, T. Fukunaga, T. Sado, J.Y. Poulsen, K. Sato et al. 2015. MiFish, a set of universal PCR primers for metabarcoding environmental DNA from fishes: detection of more than 230 subtropical marine species. R Soc Open Sci. 2(7): 150088. doi: 10.1098/rsos.150088.
  • Nardo, G.D. 1840. Considerazioni sulla famiglia dei pesci Mola, e sui caratteri chi li distinguono. Annali delle Scienze del Regno Lombardo-Vento. 10: 105–112.
  • Near, T.J., A. Dornburg, R.I. Eytan, B.P. Keck, W.L. Smith, K.L. Kuhn et al. 2013. Phylogeny and tempo of diversification in the superradiation of spiny-rayed fishes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110(31): 12738–12743. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1304661110.
  • Nyegaard, M., N. Loneragan, S. Hall, J. Andrew, E. Sawai and M. Nyegaard. 2018a. Giant jelly eaters on the line: Species distribution and bycatch of three dominant sunfishes in the Southwest Pacific. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 207: 1–15.
  • Nyegaard, M., E. Sawai, N. Gemmell, J. Gillum, N.R. Loneragan, Y. Yamanoue et al. 2018b. Hiding in broad daylight: molecular and morphological data reveal a new ocean sunfish species (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) that has eluded recognition. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 182(3): 631–658. doi: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx040.
  • Pan, H.L., H. Yu, V. Ravi, C. Li, A.P. Lee, M.M. Lian et al. 2016. The genome of the largest bony fish, ocean sunfish (Mola mola), provides insights into its fast growth rate. GigaScience 5. doi: 10.1186/s13742-016-0144-3.
  • Prakash, S., T.T. Ajithkumar and M. Thangaraj. 2016. DNA barcoding of sharp tail sunfish Masturus lanceolatus Lienard, 1840 (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae). Proc. Zool. Soc. 69(1): 153–156.
  • Sagara, K., Y. Yoshito, M. Nishibori, H. Kuniyoshi, T. Umino, Y. Sakai et al. 2005. Coexistence of two clades of the ocean sunfish Mola mola (Molidae) around the Japan coast. Jpn. J. Ichthyol. 52(1): 35–39.
  • Santini, F. and J.C. Tyler. 2002. Phylogeny of the ocean sunfishes (Molidae, Tetraodontiformes), a highly derived group of teleost fishes. Ital. J. Zool. 69(1): 37–43. doi: 10.1080/11250000209356436.
  • Sawai, E., Y. Yamanoue, Y. Sakai and H. Hashimoto. 2009. On the abnormally morphological forms in Mola sunfish (Mola spp. A and B) taken from Japanese coastal waters. J. Grad. Sch. Biosp. Sci., Hiroshima Univ. 48: 9–17.
  • Sawai, Etsuro, Y. Yamanoue, L. Jawad, J. Al-Mamry and S. Yoichi. 2017. Molecular and morphological identification of Mola sunfish specimens (Actinopterygii: Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) from the Indian Ocean. Species Divers. 22.
  • Sawai, E., Y. Yamanoue, M. Nyegaard and Y. Sakai. 2018. Redescription of the bump-head sunfish Mola alexandrini (Ranzani 1839), senior synonym of Mola ramsayi (Giglioli 1883), with designation of a neotype for Mola mola (Linnaeus 1758) (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae). Ichthyol. Res. 65(1): 142–160. doi: 10.1007/s10228-017-0603-6
  • Sawai, E., M. Nyegaard and Y. Yamanoue. 2020. Phylogeny, taxonomy and size records of ocean sunfishes. pp. 18–36. In: T.M. Thys, G.C. Hays and J.D.R. Houghton [eds.]. The Ocean Sunfishes: Evolution, Biology and Conservation, CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL, USA.
  • Streelman, J.T., C. Puchulutegui, A.L. Bass, T. Thys, H. Dewar and S.A. Karl. 2003. Microsatellites from the world’s heaviest bony fish, the giant Mola mola. Mol. Ecol. Notes 3(2): 247–249. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00413.x.
  • Taberlet, P., E. Coissac, M. Hajibabaei and L.H. Rieseberg. 2012. Environmental DNA. Mol. Ecol. 21(8): 1789–1793. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05542.x.
  • Tyler, JC. 1980. Osteology, phylogeny, and higher classification of the fishes of the order Plectognathi (Tetraodontiformes). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
  • Thys, T.M., J.P. Ryan, H. Dewar, C.R. Perle, K. Lyons, J. O’Sullivan et al. 2015. Ecology of the Ocean Sunfish, Mola mola, in the southern California Current System. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 471: 64–76. doi: 10.1016/j. jembe.2015.05.005.
  • Thys, T.M., M. Nyegaard, J. Whitney, J.P. Ryan, I. Potter, T. Nakatsubo et al. 2020. Ocean sunfish larvae: detections, identification and predation. pp. 105–128. In: T.M. Thys, G.C. Hays and J.D.R. Houghton [eds.]. The Ocean Sunfishes: Evolution, Biology and Conservation, CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL, USA.
  • Wang, J., W. Wang, R.Q. Li, Y.R. Li, G. Tian, L. Goodman et al. 2008. The diploid genome sequence of an Asian individual. Nature 456(7218): 60-U1. doi: 10.1038/nature07484.
  • Wang, Z., M. Gerstein and M. Snyder. 2009. RNA-Seq: a revolutionary tool for transcriptomics. Nat. Rev. Genet. 10(1): 57–63. doi: 10.1038/nrg2484.
  • Writz, P. and M. Biscoito. 2019. The distribution of Mola alexandrini in the Subtropical Eastern Atlantic, with a note on Mola mola. Bocagiana 245: 1–6.
  • Yamanoue, Y., M. Miya, K. Matsuura, M. Katoh, H. Sakai and M. Nishida. 2004. Mitochondrial genomes and phylogeny of the ocean sunfishes (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae). Ichthyol. Res. 51(3): 269–273. doi: 10.1007/s10228-004-0218-6.
  • Yamanoue, Yusuke, Kohji Mabuchi, Etsuro Sawai, Yoichi Sakai, Hiroaki Hashimoto and Mutsumi Nishida. 2010. Multiplex PCR-based genotyping of mitochondrial DNA from two species of ocean sunfish from the genus Mola (Tetradontiformes: Molidae) found in Japanese waters. Jpn. J. Ichthyol. 57(1): 27–34.
  • Yoshita, Y., Y. Yamanoue, K. Sagara, M. Nishibori, H. Kuniyoshi, T. Umino et al. 2009. Phylogenetic relationship of two Mola sunfishes (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) occurring around the coast of Japan, with notes on their geographical distribution and morphological characteristics. Ichthyol. Res. 56(3): 232–244. doi: 10.1007/s10228-008-0089-3.
  • Zhang, J.-B. and R. Hanner. 2010. DNA barcoding is a useful tool for the identification of marine fishes from Japan. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 39: 31–42.

 

Anatomy

  • Adeney, R.J. and G.M. Hughes. 1977. Some observations on gills of oceanic sunfish, Mola mola. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 57: 825–837.
  • Agassiz, A. 1857. Orthragoriscus mola, on grounds of internal anatomy, does not belong in the same family with Diodon and Tetraodon, but is the type of a distinct family. Untitled paper, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 3: 319.
  • Alessandrini, A. 1839. De piscium apparatu respirationis tum speciatim Orthragorisci = Orthragoriscus alexandrini Ranzani. Nuovi Coram. Acad. Sci. Inst. Bonon. (Accad. Sci. Istit. Bologna) 3: 359–382.
  • Arcila, D. and J.C. Tyler. 2017. Mass extinction in tetraodontiform fishes linked to the Palaeocene–Eocene thermal maximum. Proc. R. Soc. B. 284: 1–8.
  • Bass, A.L., H. Dewar, T. Thys, J.T. Streelman and S.A. Karl. 2005. Evolutionary divergence among lineages of the ocean sunfish family, Molidae (Tetraodontiformes). Mar. Biol. 148: 405–414.
  • Bemis, K.E., J.C. Tyler, E.J. Hilton and W.E. Bemis. In prep. Comparative anatomy and ontogeny of Ocean Sunfishes (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae). Submission planned for NOAA Professional Papers.
  • Berkovitz, B.K.B. and R.P. Shellis. 2017. The Teeth of Non-mammalian Vertebrates. Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Elsevier.
  • Binney, A. 1842. Observations made during two successive summers at Nahant, on the habits of the Orthogariscus mola or short sunfish. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 1: 93.
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1904. Teleostei. pp. 539–727. In: S.F. Harmer and A.E. Shipley [eds.]. The Cambridge Natural History, vol. VII. Hemichordata, Ascidians and Amphioxus, Fishes. London: Macmillan.
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  • Brimley, H.H. 1939. The ocean sun-fishes on the North Carolina coast: The Pointed-Tailed Masturus lanceolatus and the Round-Tailed Mola mola. J. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 55: 295–303.
  • Britz, R. and G.D. Johnson. 2005a. Occipito-vertebral fusion in ocean sunfishes (Teleostei: Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) and its phylogenetic implications. J. Morph. 266: 74–79.
  • Britz, R. and G.D. Johnson. 2005b. Leis’ conundrum: Homology of the clavus of the ocean sunfishes. 1. Ontogeny of the median fins and axial skeleton of Monotrete leiurus (Teleostei, Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae). J. Morph. 266: 1–10.
  • Burr, H.S. 1928. The central nervous system of Orthagoriscus mola. J. Comp. Neuro. 45: 33–128.
  • Caldera, E.J., J.L. Whitney, M. Nyegaard, L. Kubicek and T.M. Thys. 2020. Genetic insights regarding the taxonomy, phylogeography and evolution of ocean sunfishes (Molidae: Tetraodontiformes). pp. 37–54. In: T.M. Thys, G.C. Hays and J.D.R. Houghton [eds.]. The Ocean Sunfishes: Evolution, Biology and Conservation, CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL, USA.
  • Carnevale, G. and F. Santini. 2007. Record of the slender mola, genus Ranzania (Teleostei, Tetraodontiformes), in the Miocene of the Chelif Basin, Algeria. C.R. Palevol 6(2007): 321–326.
  • Carnevale, G., L. Pellegrino, J.C. Tyler. 2020. Evolution and fossil record of the ocean sunfishes. pp. 1–17. In: T.M. Thys, G.C. Hays and J.D.R. Houghton [eds.]. The Ocean Sunfishes: Evolution, Biology and Conservation, CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL, USA.
  • Chanet, B., C. Guintard, T. Boisgard, M. Fusellier, C. Tavernier, E. Betti et al. 2012. Visceral anatomy of Ocean Sunfish (Mola mola (L., 1758), Molidae, Tetraodontiformes) and Angler (Lophius piscatorius (L., 1758), Lophiidae, Lophiiformes) investigated by non-invasive imaging techniques. Comptes Rendus Biologies 335: 744–752.
  • Chanet, B., C. Guintard, E. Betti, C. Gallut, A. Dettai and G. Lecointre. 2013. Evidence for a close phylogenetic relationship between the teleost orders Tetraodontiformes and Lophiiformes based on an analysis of soft anatomy. Cybium. 37: 179–198.
  • Cleland, J. 1862. On the anatomy of the short sunfish (Orthagoriscus mola). Nat. Hist. Rev. 170–185.
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Locomotion

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  • Watanabe, Y.Y. and J. Davenport. 2020. Locomotory systems and biomechanics of ocean sunfish. pp. 72–86. In: T.M. Thys, G.C. Hays and J.D.R. Houghton [eds.]. The Ocean Sunfishes: Evolution, Biology and Conservation, CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL, USA.

 

Diet

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  • Phillips, N.D., L. Kubicek, N. Payne, C. Harrod, L. Eagling and C. Carson. 2018. Isometric growth in the world’s largest bony fishes (Genus Mola)? Morphological insights from fisheries bycatch data. J. Morphol. 279(9).
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Parasites

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